609 research outputs found
Facile preparation of agarose-chitosan hybrid materials and nanocomposite ionogels using an ionic liquid via dissolution, regeneration and sol-gel transition
We report simultaneous dissolution of agarose (AG) and chitosan (CH) in
varying proportions in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
chloride [C4mim][Cl]. Composite materials were constructed from AG-CH-IL
solutions using the antisolvent methanol, and IL was recovered from the
solutions. Composite materials could be uniformly decorated with silver oxide
(Ag2O) nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to form nanocomposites in a single step by in
situ synthesis of Ag NPs in AG-CH-IL sols, wherein the biopolymer moiety acted
as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Cooling of Ag NPs-AG-CH-IL sols to room
temperature resulted in high conductivity and high mechanical strength
nanocomposite ionogels. The structure, stability and physiochemical properties
of composite materials and nanocomposites were characterized by several
analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CD
spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron
micrography (SEM). The result shows that composite materials have good thermal
and conformational stability, compatibility and strong hydrogen bonding
interactions between AG-CH complexes. Decoration of Ag NPs in composites and
ionogels was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDAX and XRD. The
mechanical and conducting properties of composite ionogels have been
characterized by rheology and current-voltage measurements. Since Ag NPs show
good antimicrobial activity, Ag NPs -AG-CH composite materials have the
potential to be used in biotechnology and biomedical applications whereas
nanocomposite ionogels will be suitable as precursors for applications such as
quasi-solid dye sensitized solar cells, actuators, sensors or electrochromic
displays
Succinct Representations of Permutations and Functions
We investigate the problem of succinctly representing an arbitrary
permutation, \pi, on {0,...,n-1} so that \pi^k(i) can be computed quickly for
any i and any (positive or negative) integer power k. A representation taking
(1+\epsilon) n lg n + O(1) bits suffices to compute arbitrary powers in
constant time, for any positive constant \epsilon <= 1. A representation taking
the optimal \ceil{\lg n!} + o(n) bits can be used to compute arbitrary powers
in O(lg n / lg lg n) time.
We then consider the more general problem of succinctly representing an
arbitrary function, f: [n] \rightarrow [n] so that f^k(i) can be computed
quickly for any i and any integer power k. We give a representation that takes
(1+\epsilon) n lg n + O(1) bits, for any positive constant \epsilon <= 1, and
computes arbitrary positive powers in constant time. It can also be used to
compute f^k(i), for any negative integer k, in optimal O(1+|f^k(i)|) time.
We place emphasis on the redundancy, or the space beyond the
information-theoretic lower bound that the data structure uses in order to
support operations efficiently. A number of lower bounds have recently been
shown on the redundancy of data structures. These lower bounds confirm the
space-time optimality of some of our solutions. Furthermore, the redundancy of
one of our structures "surpasses" a recent lower bound by Golynski [Golynski,
SODA 2009], thus demonstrating the limitations of this lower bound.Comment: Preliminary versions of these results have appeared in the
Proceedings of ICALP 2003 and 2004. However, all results in this version are
improved over the earlier conference versio
ATC Enhancement With FACTS Devices Considering Reactive Power Flows Using PTDF
In the present day world power system deregulation is at its full stretch. In this deregulated environment there is a clear need for adequate computation of ATC which is currently being given at most importance. The insertion of FACTS devices in electrical systems seems to be a promising strategy to enhance ATC. In this paper, the viability and technical merits of boosting ATC using TCSC are analyzed. The methods used for determining ATC are linear methods, which are based on MVA loading of the system considering system thermal limit constraints, neglecting bus voltages and static collapse. Power Transfer Distribution Factors, commonly referred to as PTDFs, express the percentage of a power transfer that flows on a transmission facility. They are used to determine the maximum ATC that may be available across the system without violating line thermal limits. The effect of reactive power flows in line loading is not considered in linear ATC which is a major limitation. This paper describes a fast algorithm to incorporate this effect. In this paper the line post transfer complex flow is estimated based on exact circle equation and then ATC is evaluated using active power distribution factors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated on IEEE 30-Bus system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.392
Dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering in framework for hyperspectral image segmentation
The hyperspectral data contains hundreds of narrows bands representing the same scene on earth, with each pixel has a continuous reflectance spectrum. The first attempts to analysehyperspectral images were based on techniques that were developed for multispectral images by randomly selecting few spectral channels, usually less than seven. This random selection of bands degrades the performance of segmentation algorithm on hyperspectraldatain terms of accuracies. In this paper, a new framework is designed for the analysis of hyperspectral image by taking the information from all the data channels with dimensionality reduction method using subset selection and hierarchical clustering. A methodology based on subset construction is used for selecting k informative bands from d bands dataset. In this selection, similarity metrics such as Average Pixel Intensity [API], Histogram Similarity [HS], Mutual Information [MI] and Correlation Similarity [CS] are used to create k distinct subsets and from each subset, a single band is selected. The informative bands which are selected are merged into a single image using hierarchical fusion technique. After getting fused image, Hierarchical clustering algorithm is used for segmentation of image. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that CS similarity metric in dimensionality reduction algorithm gets high quality segmented image
Acceptance sampling plans for percentiles based on the inverse Rayleigh distribution
In this article, acceptance sampling plans are developed for the inverse Rayleigh distribution percentiles when the life test is truncated at a pre-specified time. The minimum sample size necessary to ensure the specified life percentile is obtained under a given customer’s risk. The operating characteristic values (and curves) of the sampling plans as well as the producer’s risk are presented. Two examples with real data sets are also given as illustration
Succinct Indexable Dictionaries with Applications to Encoding -ary Trees, Prefix Sums and Multisets
We consider the {\it indexable dictionary} problem, which consists of storing
a set for some integer , while supporting the
operations of \Rank(x), which returns the number of elements in that are
less than if , and -1 otherwise; and \Select(i) which returns
the -th smallest element in . We give a data structure that supports both
operations in O(1) time on the RAM model and requires bits to store a set of size , where {\cal B}(n,m) = \ceil{\lg
{m \choose n}} is the minimum number of bits required to store any -element
subset from a universe of size . Previous dictionaries taking this space
only supported (yes/no) membership queries in O(1) time. In the cell probe
model we can remove the additive term in the space bound,
answering a question raised by Fich and Miltersen, and Pagh.
We present extensions and applications of our indexable dictionary data
structure, including:
An information-theoretically optimal representation of a -ary cardinal
tree that supports standard operations in constant time,
A representation of a multiset of size from in bits that supports (appropriate generalizations of) \Rank
and \Select operations in constant time, and
A representation of a sequence of non-negative integers summing up to
in bits that supports prefix sum queries in constant
time.Comment: Final version of SODA 2002 paper; supersedes Leicester Tech report
2002/1
Finite Element Solution of MHD Transient Flow past an Impulsively Started Infinite Horizontal Porous Plate in a Rotating Fluid with Hall Current
The problem of a transient three dimensional MHD flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible rotating fluid past an impulsively started infinite horizontal porous plate taking into account the Hall current is presented. It is assumed that the fluid rotates with a constant angular velocity about the normal to the plate and a uniform magnetic field applied along the normal to the plate and directed into the fluid region. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed to be so small that the induced magnetic field can be neglected. The non-dimensional equations governing the flow are solved by Galerkin finite element method. The expressions for the primary and secondary velocity fields
are obtained in non-dimensional form. The effects of the physical parameters like M (Hartmann number), Ω (Rotation parameter) and m (Hall parameter) on these fields are discussed through graphs and results are physically interpreted
Finite Element Solution of Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Flow of a Viscous Fluid past a Vertical Plate under Oscillatory Suction Velocity
The study of hydromagnetic heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, viscous fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate along with porous medium of time dependent permeability under oscillatory suction velocity normal to the plate has been made. It is considered that the influence of the uniform magnetic field acts normal to the flow and the permeability of the porous medium fluctuate with the time. The
problem is solved, numerically by Galerkin finite element method for velocity, temperature, concentration field and the expressions for skin – friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained. The results obtained are discussed for Grashof number (Gr > 0) corresponding to the cooling of the plate and (Gr < 0) corresponding to the heating of the plate with the help of graphs and tables to observe the effects of various parameters
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